北京高考英語沖刺班_英語高中語法57個常用的介詞整理
) during表示某一時間段內(nèi)自始至終:during the first period
高中英語介詞的語法有很多的變化,介詞又是作文當中最常用的一種結(jié)構(gòu)詞,我們學好這部分知識對于寫作有很大的幫助,小編整理了相關(guān)資料,希望能幫助到您。 高中英語語法:介詞的種用法 . 時間 )at表示在某一時間點: at oclock )in
about
about 關(guān)于,對于,在四周,在…周圍,在…局限
在指"不久就要……"時,后通常接不定式,如about to start。也有接動名詞,如about starting。然則不能再加示意時間的詞,如不能說about starting at once;
指"約莫"的意思時,表達方式有about ten,about half等。注重ten和half都是明確的數(shù)目,about不應用在"若干不定"的詞前,如about more than ten,about less than half;
與at搭配使用時,about是副詞,沒有at時,about 是介詞。句中可有at,也可沒有,意思相同。I went (at) about five (o'clock).
above
above 在…以上(尺度)跨越,過于
示意位置時籠統(tǒng)指"在上方",紛歧定垂直,也不與其賓語相接觸。
The glider was soaring above the valley.
那架滑翔機在山谷上空滑翔。
Applicants must be above the age of
申請者的歲數(shù)必須跨越。
The temperature has been above the average recently.
最近的氣溫一直比平均溫度高。
The sun rose above the horizon.
太陽升到地平線上。
The bird is flying low above the water.
那只鳥在水面上低飛。
A captain in the navy ranks above a captain in the army.
水師的上校軍銜高于陸軍的上尉軍銜。
across
across 交織,橫穿,在…(劈面) 那里
across意為從一頭到另一頭,處于跨越的位置。后常加from,如:
He lives across (the street) from my house.
他住在我的屋子的劈面。
與across差異,through是指在三維空間里移動。如:
We walked across the ice.
I walked through the wood.
after
after 在…之后(時間),在…后面
注重after和in的使用:從某時說到若干時間以后,不用after,而用in。若是指"某個時刻,日期或事宜以后",用after。
He will/would arrive in four weeks.
He will(或would)arrive after four o'clock /July/the ceremony.
表達"某事宜的若干時間以后"時,應是"若干時間after事宜",而不是"after若干時間of事宜"??烧ftwo hours after his arrival,不能說after two hours of his arrival。在"two hours after his arrival"前加差其余介詞,有差其余意思:"two hours after his arrival"單用時指"他到達兩小時以后"。若前面加the,如the two hours after his arrival指"他到達以后的兩小時",加for指"在他到達以后的兩小時全段時間里",加in 跟沒有in意思相同,加within指"在他到達以后的兩小時中的某時刻";
指"若干時間after日期或月份"時,常把當天的日期或當月除外。如five days after July,指從算起的以后,也就是。但有破例,five days after I July可能指,months after July可能指,注重制止這種結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生誤解;
指"從已往的某時或某事說到現(xiàn)在"時,不用after,用since,以是可說Since his graduation he has been abroad.(since不能改成after)一定要改的話,可示意為After his graduation he went abroad. 這里的after是介詞,用作毗鄰詞時用法一樣。
He went abroad after he graduated.
不能說 He has been abroad after he graduated.
half after four,five minutes after eight等是美國英語,相當于英國英語half past four,five minutes past eight等,英國方言中也有half after four等表達方式;
after指導的狀語從句,用現(xiàn)在時態(tài),不用未來時態(tài)。
I shall start after he comes.
after常指時間先后的順序,而behind常指位置,如August comes after July,用after,,而A garden lies behind the house,用behind。不外有時after和behind可以通用。
Please shut the door after/behind you.
He came in after/behind her.
against
against 相反,否決,逆著,靠著
against用在fight,strive,struggle等詞后面,同with意思相同,不外against更強調(diào)一種難題中的反抗。
We fight for the weak against the strong.
作為介詞,against后接的賓語有時可省略。
He had intended to come but somehow decided against(it).
against作"否決"解時反義詞是for。
There are votes for him and against him.
有贊成他,否決他。
We sailed against the wind.
我們逆風航行。
It's against your promise to go on smoking.
繼續(xù)吸煙,這違反了你的信譽。
They forced me to do things against my will.
他們強迫我做違反我心意的事。
He propped himself against the wall.
他倚靠著墻。
along
along 順著,沿著,帶著
作為介詞時,與名詞road,river,corridor,line等連用,常指那些有這細長形狀的名詞。
I saw her running along the road.
涉及到時期或流動時,常用through,如through the centuries(NOT along the centuries)和all through the journey(NOT all along the journey)。
We walked along the road.
我們沿著路走。
The procession passed along the street.
游行隊伍沿著街道前進。
You can go straight along this street to the traffic light.
你可以順著這條街一直走到紅綠燈處。
He walked along the mountain ridge.
他順著山脊走。
among
among 在…之中(三者以上)
among與between的對照:among用在三個或三個以上的人或物前,between是用在兩者之間, 與and搭配,如between he and me,但不與among搭配,不能說among A, B and C。示意在某些物體的雙方之間時,不管物體的數(shù)目若干,用between。divide或share一些器械的時刻,單數(shù)名詞用divide between和share between,而復數(shù)名詞用between或among都可。
There is a little valley between high mountains.
He divided his money between his wife, his daughter and his sister.
I shared the food between/among all my friends.
around
around 圍繞,四處,在…周圍
around和round相似,均作副詞和介詞用。美國人習習用around,如下列各例句:
He turned around.Like the moon, the artificial satellites move around the earth.
I went around to the post-office.
Around men came.
around有一些牢固的搭配,如around and about,around and above,all around等。而有時不能用around,如winter comes around,all the year around,win one around等;
round與around的對照:round常指在圈內(nèi)或者曲線上的移動或定位。英國人還常用round作"去到一個地方的每個部門"或"分器械給組里的每小我私人"。而around則指不明確的,模糊的移動或定位。
She walked round the car and looked at the wheels.
We walked round the old part of the town.
Could you pass the cups round, please?
The children were running around/about everywhere.
as
as 看成,作為,以…身份
as作"以…的身份,以…資格,作為,以…角色"解時常與動詞act,employ,function,serve,speak,work或形容詞famous,known, recognized等連用。
As a cub reporter he would learn the facts of life in the newspaper world.
作為一名初出茅廬的記者,他要領(lǐng)會報界生涯的內(nèi)幕。
Just as writing a fiction,programming is a process of creating art.
猶如寫小說一樣,程序設(shè)計也是一個藝術(shù)締造的歷程。
as對照常用于as...as和the same...as兩個句型。
at
at 在…方面,在…地址,在…時刻
in與at的對照:用于地方時,at指較小的地方,如指城鎮(zhèn)時,in指較大的地方,用于省國家大陸前。國際多數(shù)市前用at 和in都有,但在London前通常用in。在指語言人的住處時要用in,且一樣平常in示意著實的存在,而at卻不是。說到某多數(shù)會的某大修建物,往往在多數(shù)會名稱的前面用at,如the Pantheon at Rome。說到商鋪機關(guān)學校等,倘使看作一個地址(point)用at。倘使看作一個場所(place)用in,the barber's (剃頭店),Green's (Green所開的店)等前面只用at,不用in。說到門牌用at,如live at Zhongshan Road,路名前面該用in,而說"在……路口"用at;
用于時間時,可示意時刻,如at night,at three o'clock,at dawn,at any time等。也可示意較短的時期,如at night,at the beginning of the month等,其中at night示意時刻時意為"在黃昏",示意較短的時期時意為"在夜里",通常指黃昏或上午夜;
at用于信封地址前可指"轉(zhuǎn)交"。
Mike at Zhongshan Road Shanghai.Mike經(jīng)常不在上海中山路,請予以轉(zhuǎn)交。
at用于一些動詞后面示意某種情緒非語言交流或攻擊性行為,如smile at me,point at me,shout at you等;
arrive后面一樣平常都接in或at,而不接to,如When did you arrive in New Zealand?而不是to New Zealand;
at five years old和at five miles distant里用at,可改作at five years of age或at the age of five years和at five miles' distance,這種用法較為普遍。
because of
because of 由于,由于
because of后跟名詞或名詞短語,如:
We win the game because of his participation.
由于他的介入,我們贏了競賽。
Because of his irresolute character, we were defeated at last.
由于他性格的軟弱,我們最終被打敗了。
They've surcharged us on the price of the holiday because of a rise in air fares.
因飛機票漲價,他們在度假用度中向我們增收了加費。
The police are advising motorists to reduce speed because of the fog.
由于有霧,警員警告駕車者減慢速率。
Many beautiful fish are fast disappearing because of the severe pollution.
由于污染嚴重,許多優(yōu)美的魚類正在面臨絕種。
before
before 在…之前(時間),先于
before可用于示意時間。首先,可以示意"先于,在…以前",厥后可以跟示意詳細日期時間等的名詞或數(shù)詞,也可以跟示意時間或動作的名詞。其次,可以示意"在做…之前",后接 v -ing。再次,可以示意"緊接在…之前"。before用于否認句還可示意"直到…為止"。注重before之后只能接示意時間點的名詞,而不能接示意時間段的名詞。
before可用于示意動態(tài)或靜態(tài)的位置,意思是"在…之前",與behind相對。
before可用于示意順序或排列上的"在…之前"或"居于…之前",與after相對。引申可用于示意對照,即在品級價值主要性能力等方面的"在先""優(yōu)于""重于"。再引申則可用于示意對某事物的優(yōu)先選擇,即"寧愿"或"與其…寧愿"。
before還可示意"面臨,在…眼前,在…眼前""有待于去完成""在審理中,由…思量""在…壓力下"等。
另外:Before同ago的對照:示意"早于現(xiàn)在若干時間前",用ago。示意"早于已往某時若干時間前",通常用before 。示意"早于未來某時若干時間前",也用before。示意"早于任何某時(不是現(xiàn)在已往或未來的某時)若干時間前",仍用before。示意"從現(xiàn)在說到以前,不特指若干時間"時,用before。在倒數(shù)回以前,示意"一些事情已發(fā)生了多久"時,可用before。
behind
behind 在…之后(物體),落伍
behind可以用于示意時間,意思是"遲于",也可作"一去不復返"解。
behind用于示意空間位置可以有三種情形:①所在位置;②目的地;③通過,即移動到某處,然后又脫離。
behind作"留于死后""走后留下"解時常與leave,stay,remain等動詞連用;作"當某人已通過…之后"解時常與close,shut 等動詞連用。
behind還可由上述意義引申示意在水平能力進度等方面"較…落伍",還可示意"以…為后援;支持"。
Who is the girl standing behind Richard?
站在理查德后面的誰人女人是誰?
The train was minutes behind time.
火車晚到了十分鐘。
Britain is behind Japan in developing modern technologies.
在生長現(xiàn)代手藝方面英國落伍于日本。
Behind your every action is self-interest.
你的每一行動都出于小我私人私利。
The police were hard behind the escapees.
警員正在緊追逃犯。
below
below 在…下面(尺度),到…下面,如:
His income is well below the average.
他的收入大大低于平均水平。
The class has dropped below ten students this year.
今年這個班的學生降到了以下。
Please do not write below this line.
請不要寫到這條線下面。
beneath
beneath 在…下(on的反義詞),低
beneath, below, under, underneath 這四個詞均可示意"在…的下邊"。under與over相對,物體之間可以相互接觸,也可以有一定空間; below與above相對,物體之間紛歧定存在垂直的位置關(guān)系,而且互不接觸; beneath的用法和under相仿,二者可交換,但under使用的頻率較高; underneath示意空間位置關(guān)系時,常可用under, beneath, below替換。
They found the body buried beneath a pile of leaves.
他們在一堆樹葉下面發(fā)現(xiàn)了那具遺體。
The earth lay beneath a blanket of snow.
大地被厚厚的白雪籠罩。
He is beneath his brother intellectually.
他在智力方面不如他兄弟。
Such behaviour is beneath contempt.
這種行為令人不齒。
He shrugged off my criticism as though it was beneath his notice.
他不理睬我的指斥,似乎我的指斥不值得他一顧似的。
beside
beside 在…旁邊,和…對照,如:
I set a chair beside him and sat down.
我在他旁邊放了一把椅子然后坐下了。
The little girl is sitting beside her mother.
小女孩正坐在她媽媽旁邊。
Our achievements seem small beside his.
與他的成就相比我們的就顯得微不足道了。
Money seems unimportant when setting beside the joys of family life.
與天倫之樂相比,款項顯得微不足道。
besides
besides 除…之外,在…之外
besides用作介詞的意思是"除…之外",用在一定句中指更進一步的擁有,即包羅besides后所列的內(nèi)容在內(nèi); 用在否認句或疑問句中則指只有besides所包羅的內(nèi)容,即"除…之外(不或沒有)"。
besides后除可接名詞外,還可接動名詞,在動詞do后還可接不帶to的動詞不定式。
如:There are six members besides Mr and Mrs Winston.
溫斯頓配偶外,尚有成員。
I am very tired, besides, I have a cold.
我很累,也很冷。
besides后偶接不含to的不定式。
That day I had nothing to do besides answer letters.
那天,除了回信,我什么事也沒有。
besides后可接that從句。
Besides that he explained the theory, he gave us several examples.
他不僅給我們注釋理論,還舉了多個例子。
between
between 在…之間(兩者),介乎…之間,毗鄰…
between的基本意思是"在…之間",一樣平常說,between指兩者之間,其賓語可以是有詳細數(shù)目的人或物,也可以是用and毗鄰的兩個詳細的人或物。
between在下列情形下可以用于三者或更多的人或物:①示意"每兩者之間"時;②用and毗鄰時;③指事物之間的區(qū)別或相互之間的關(guān)系時;④強調(diào)"由于…的相助效果"時;⑤在divide, share等示意"分享"的動詞與示意三者或三者以上的復數(shù)名詞之間時。
Children must attend school between and
的孩子必須上學。
There is a generation gap between my parents and I.
我怙恃和我之間有代溝。
She tried to intervene between her husband and son.
她想調(diào)整丈夫和兒子之間的爭吵。
beyond
beyond 在…那一邊,跨越,遲于,beyond作"除…之外"解時主要用于否認句和疑問句。如:
The level of inflation has gone beyond .
通貨膨脹率已經(jīng)跨越了。
Such philosophical subtleties are beyond my reach.
這種深奧的哲理我可無法明晰。
The scenery there was beautiful beyond expression.
那兒的景物優(yōu)美得無法形容。
The road continues beyond the village up into the hills.
這條路綿延不停越過村子直入山中。
He's got nothing beyond his state pension.
除了國家發(fā)的養(yǎng)老金,他一無所有。
I don't notice anything beyond his rather strange accent.
除了他那頗為怪僻的口音以外,我沒注重到其余。
but
but ( 用于nothing, nobody, who, all等詞之后 ) 除…之外
but用作介詞時示意"除…以外",通常與示意確切意思的詞,如no,all,any,every,each,none,nobody,anywhere等以及疑問詞,如who,where,what等連用,但不能與some,many,several等示意不確切意思的詞連用。以是,我們可以說all but one,但不能說some but one或many but one。也可與最高級形容詞連用。厥后面可以是名詞介詞短語形容詞等。
but用作介詞一樣平常不置于句首。
but指導的短語后置于主語之后時,句中謂語應該和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。
the last〔next〕 but one〔two, three, etc.〕的意思是"倒數(shù)第二三四…",這種用法在英式英語中對照常見。
but還可用作副詞,常見于書面語,與only相似,作"只,僅僅"解。例如:He's but a boy.他只不外是個孩子。
by
by在旁邊,經(jīng),根據(jù),通過,用,被。 如:
The house by the lake is a restaurant.
湖邊的那座屋子是家飯館。
He entered by the back door.
他從后門進入。
The project was viewed favorably by the committee.
那設(shè)計受到該委員會的好評。
He let himself down slowly by means of a rope.
他用一條繩子滑下來。
despite
despite 只管,不管,豈論
despite和in spite of具有相同的意思,但despite是正式用語,且語氣較強;
Despite old age, she is still learning to drive.
只管年歲已高,她還在學開車。
Despite all our efforts we still lost the game.
只管我們盡了全力,我們照樣輸?shù)袅烁傎悺?/p>
He came to the meeting despite his illness.
只管生病,他照樣來加入聚會。
She managed despite everything to preserve her sense of humour.
她不管遇到什么情形都勉力保持著詼諧感。
down
down 在…下方,往…下方,終點。如:
Their house is down the hill.他們的屋子在山下。
His office is down the stair.他的辦公室在樓下。
He looked down the barrel of the gun.他順著槍管往另一端看。
The story came down the ages.這個故事從古代撒播至今。
He looked back down the last year.他回首了去年的情景。
during
during 在…時代,在…的時刻
He swims every day during the summer.
他炎天天天游泳。
The thief broke into the house during the night.
小偷在夜間破門進入住宅。
He was born in China during World War II and educated in England.
他在二次大戰(zhàn)時代生于中國,厥后在英國受教育。
except
except 除了…之外,除非,若不是
besides but except except for
這些前置詞或短語均含"除……之外"之意。
besides: besides著重于指另外尚有。
but: but著重指不包羅在內(nèi)。
except: except著重于清掃在外,從整體里減去??膳cbut換用,但語氣較強。
except for: except for多用于在說明基本情形或?qū)χ饕块T加以一定,還引出相反的緣故原由或細節(jié),從而部門地修正前面的主要意思,含惋惜意味。
for
for 為了,由于,對于,一段時間
A party was held for them.
設(shè)宴招待他們。
They jumped for joy.
他們喜悅地跳了起來。
I am speaking for all the workers in this firm.
我代表公司全體事情職員講話。
We set off for London.
我們起程去倫敦。
They are all for him.
他們都擁護他。
For him to forget his favorite hobby would be impossible.
要他放棄他所喜歡的業(yè)余興趣是不能能的。
a present for you
給你的禮物
from
from 始于,往后,來自,由于
He descended from a good family.
他出自王謝。
From what author does this quotation come?
這一引文出自哪位作者?
Bitter words from you will only wound her.
出自你口中的刻薄話只會危險她而已。
My answer seemed to come from the subconscious.
我的回覆似乎出自下意識。
The child got his nurture from his loving parents.
這個孩子的教育來自他慈祥的雙親。
The train starts from Beijing.
這輛火車從北京開出。
The shop is open from this day onwards.
該店從今天起最先營業(yè)。
We lived in Scotland from to
我們從到住在蘇格蘭。
He worked like a black from the time he was twelve.
他從起就拼命干活了。
including
including 包羅
Experiment including parallel control groups.
實驗包羅平行對照組。
A lens is an optical system including two refracting surfaces.
一個透鏡是包羅兩個折射面的光學系統(tǒng)。
There are three storeys including the ground floor.
包羅底層共有三層。
I need a package deal including airfare and hotel.
我需要一個成套服務,包羅機票和住宿。
in spite of
in spite of 只管,不管,豈論
despite in spite of 這些前置詞或前置短語都含有"雖然,只管"之意。
despite書面用詞,指不受某事或某種緣故原由的阻礙,語氣輕于in spite of。
In spite of the bad weather, we went fishing.
我們掉臂惡劣的天氣而去釣魚。
In spite of our advice, he married above himself.
他掉臂我們的勸告,同比自己職位高的人結(jié)了婚。
He failed to lift the rock in spite of all his exertions.
他雖竭盡全力,但仍然未能將那石頭搬起來。
We held on for two days in spite of the violent attacks of the enemy.
只管敵人舉行了兇猛攻擊,我們堅守了兩天之久。
instead of
instead of 取代; 取代;而不是 ...
I made this cake specially, with brown sugar instead of white.
我稀奇地以紅糖取代白糖做了這個蛋糕。
I gave him advice instead of money.
我給了他忠言,而不是錢。
The economy is shrinking instead of growing.
經(jīng)濟正在萎縮而不是在增進中。
There is a growing tendency for people to work at home instead of in offices.
人們在家里而不是在辦公室里事情的趨勢日益增進。
高考試題尤其是近五年高考試題匯編高考試題具有高度的準確性科學性和規(guī)范性,是命題人員智慧的結(jié)晶,是其他任何資料都不可替代的。通過熟悉分析感悟高考試題可以明確高考命題的特點規(guī)律和趨勢,總結(jié)答題的規(guī)律和技巧,培養(yǎng)良好的考感,盡快把自己培養(yǎng)成一名出色的“考試型”選手。
如何抓住高三階段的寶貴時光,讓高三英語復習科學地有計劃地進行,盡快提高自己的英語成績,無疑是每個考生都非常關(guān)注的事情。接下來小編為大家整理了相關(guān)內(nèi)容,希望能幫助到您。 高三英語最有效的復習方法 充分必要的物質(zhì)準備是保障
,打基礎(chǔ) 現(xiàn)在在校的學習節(jié)奏還是很快的,有的學生在課堂上一不小心走神,想一下別的就跟不上這節(jié)課了然后等到下一節(jié)課又講新的知識,更跟不上你都不知道老師講的是什么.然后只能通過輔導來上課的內(nèi)容和你不知道的知識.也就是通過自己已經(jīng)知道了這事,然后再鞏固一下,為后面的學習做奠基。,inside
nside 在…之內(nèi)(封鎖狀態(tài))在…內(nèi)部(時間)
inside示意位置時作"在…內(nèi)里; 在…內(nèi)側(cè)"解,也可用inside of表達此意,后者常見于美式英語中; inside還可作"在…肚內(nèi); 在…胃〔腸〕中"解。
inside示意時間時作"在…之內(nèi)"解,也可用inside of表達此意,也為非正式用法。
inside示意偏向時作"往…內(nèi)里; 朝…內(nèi)側(cè)"解。
inside示意狀態(tài)時作"在…心中; 在…心里"解。
inside示意局限時作"在…局限〔界線〕以內(nèi)""在…界線以內(nèi); 不超出…的限制"解。
inside示意環(huán)境時作"在(組織團體機構(gòu)等)的內(nèi)部"解。
inside of示意距離時作"在…距離以內(nèi),不出…局限"解。
inside還可用作副詞,作"到〔向〕內(nèi)里"解。例如:I left my bag inside.我把手提包留在屋里了。We had to move inside when it started to rain.外面下起雨來,我們只好回到屋里。
into
into 到…里,進入到…之內(nèi)
into, in
in示意"在內(nèi)里"的靜止狀態(tài)或一定局限內(nèi)的動作; 而into示意由外向里的動作。二者有時可通用。
An idea popped into his mind like a flash.
他頭腦里突然閃過一個念頭。
Nothing will induce me to jump into the icy water.
我怎么也不會想跳進這冰涼的水里。
The thief broke into the house during the night.
小偷在夜間破門進入住宅。
Driving into the sun, we had to shade our eyes.
車朝著有太陽的偏向開,我們只好遮擋著眼睛。
Three will not divide into eleven.
三除不盡十一。
like
like 像,猶如
as like
這兩個詞均有"像"之意。
as:as隸屬連詞,引出方式從句。
like:like是前置詞,后面跟的是賓語。
At a distance he looks a bit like James Bond.
從遠處看,他有點像詹姆斯·邦德。
near
near 在…近旁,近似于
near, beside, by, on 這組詞的配合意思是"靠近,在…旁邊"。beside是一樣平常用語,其賓語可以是示意任何人或事物的名詞; by強調(diào)"緊貼",其賓語可以是一樣平常的人或事物,但更常見的是side或含有side的名詞; near所指的距離要比by遠得多,其賓語可是任何示意人或事物的名詞; on一樣平常示意與江〔河,湖,海〕岸或鐵蹊徑呈線狀的地址相接觸,含有"毗鄰,瀕臨"的意思。
His clinic is near the newly-built railway station.
他的診所在新建的火車站四周。
He is near forty.
他年近四十。
My birthday is very near Christmas.
我的生日離圣誕節(jié)很近。
Share prices are near their record high of last year.
股票價錢靠近去年的最高紀錄。
Nobody else comes near her in intellect.
誰也趕不上她伶俐。
of
of …的,由…制成的,關(guān)于,對于
I have heard of him.
我聽說過他。
This is a photograph of my dog.
這是一張我的狗的照片。
He is a friend of my father.
他是我父親的同伙。
He is a Prime Minister of working class origin.
他是一位工人身世的總理。
He listed the kings and queens of England.
他列出了英國的所有的國王和王后名字。
His father died of pneumonia.
他父親死于肺炎。
off
off 從…脫離,從…掉下,脫離
off, from, out of 這三者均可示意"脫離,脫離"。off示意與物體的外面或邊緣的運動; from示意運動的起點,不指明詳細偏向; out of示意從物體的內(nèi)部向外的運動。
The singer was led off the stage by the maestro.
謳歌家由那位著名的指揮領(lǐng)著脫離了舞臺。
Off campus, they faced hostility.
在校園之外,他們遭人敵意。
The plane took off and ascended steadily until it was out of sight.
飛機騰飛之后平穩(wěn)地逐漸升空直到消逝在視野之外。
on
on 在…之上,依附于,在…時刻(日)
日期前的on常被省略。
The People's Republic of China was established (on) October,
注重in與on的使用:on示意"在物體的外面上",而in示意"在其中"。指能用in的表達方式有in the morning,in the afternoon,in the evening和in the night。只能用on的表達方式有on the next morning,on the following afternoon,on the preceding evening,on the night before,on the morning of January等。英美兩國人在用in與on的習慣上差異。示意"在報上,輿圖上"等時,介詞用in,而不用on。示意"手,腳受傷"時,應用介詞in,而示意"手腳上的黑點"時,應用介詞on;
He lives on the next street.(美國用法)He lives in the next street.(英國用法)
on the river在差異意境下,意思差異。
He lives in a house on the river.他住在河畔上。
He sails on the river every Sunday.他天天在河上航行。
on, in, to這三個詞均可示意方位。to示意在某局限之外,兩者之間可以相互毗鄰,也可以不毗鄰; on示意在某局限之外,兩者之間一樣平常相互毗鄰; in示意在某局限之內(nèi),是其中的一部門。
opposite
opposite 在…劈面
He came in and took a seat opposite to me.
他走進來,坐在我劈面的座位上。
當示意"相對的,相反的"時,opposite to中的to可以更改為from,然則不普遍。
My view is opposite to/from yours.
我的看法和你的相反。
out of
out of從…出來,出于…中央有…;離…一段距離;脫離 ...;
It's a dishonest scheme and I'm glad to be out of it.
那是個圈套,我幸而置身事外。
Can you ladle the soup out of this deep pan for me?
你能從這個深底鍋里舀點湯給我嗎?
A group of boys dashed out of the classroom.
一群男孩子從課堂里沖出來。
Brown is out of the England team.
布朗與英格蘭球隊無關(guān)。
She married the rich man out of vanity.
她出于虛榮心而嫁給了誰人富人。
I helped her out of love, not out of pity.
我輔助她是出于愛,而不是出于同情。
I helped the old man out of pity.
我出于同情心輔助那位老人。
outside
outside 在…之外,向…之外
He stood outside the house before going in.
他在進去之前曾站立在那屋子的外邊。
I find this purse in the street outside my house.
我在我的衡宇外邊的街上發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個錢包。
over
over走遍整個.. 越過,在…正上方
over示意偏向可作"從或通過…頂上(攀談等)"解; 作"從…邊緣溢出,漫過"解,厥后一樣平常接容器類物體河堤等。
over還可示意狀態(tài),作"遮在…上方,蓋在…上面,伏在…上""擋在…前面,遮在…前面"解。
over還可示意方式,作"通過,憑助,經(jīng)由…的前言"解,厥后常接電話電視收音機等外交工簽字詞。
over還可示意緣故原由,作"由于,由于"解,常與動詞fight, quarrel, rejoice等動詞連用。作"因碰撞…(而)"解,常與fall, trip等動詞連用,后接示意凸出的物體的名詞。
over還可示意對照,作"與…相比,與…對照而言"解,常與choose, like, prefer等動詞連用。
over示意歷程,還可作"翻遍,查遍,看遍,渡過"解。
over還可示意隨同,作"在(某人)身旁(看護),在(某人)周圍(監(jiān)視)"解,常與sit, stand, watch等動詞連用。
over還可示意運算,作"除以"解。
The lamp hung over the table.
那盞燈懸掛在桌子上方。
He sprinkled sugar over his cereal.
他在麥片粥里撒上了糖。
He scattered his clothes all over the floor.
他把衣服扔了一地。
He went to sleep over his work.
他干著干著活兒就睡著了。
over
over走遍整個.. 越過,在…正上方
over示意偏向可作"從或通過…頂上(攀談等)"解; 作"從…邊緣溢出,漫過"解,厥后一樣平常接容器類物體河堤等。
over還可示意狀態(tài),作"遮在…上方,蓋在…上面,伏在…上""擋在…前面,遮在…前面"解。
over還可示意方式,作"通過,憑助,經(jīng)由…的前言"解,厥后常接電話電視收音機等外交工簽字詞。
over還可示意緣故原由,作"由于,由于"解,常與動詞fight, quarrel, rejoice等動詞連用。作"因碰撞…(而)"解,常與fall, trip等動詞連用,后接示意凸出的物體的名詞。
over還可示意對照,作"與…相比,與…對照而言"解,常與choose, like, prefer等動詞連用。
over示意歷程,還可作"翻遍,查遍,看遍,渡過"解。
over還可示意隨同,作"在(某人)身旁(看護),在(某人)周圍(監(jiān)視)"解,常與sit, stand, watch等動詞連用。
over還可示意運算,作"除以"解。
The lamp hung over the table.
那盞燈懸掛在桌子上方。
He sprinkled sugar over his cereal.
他在麥片粥里撒上了糖。
He scattered his clothes all over the floor.
他把衣服扔了一地。
He went to sleep over his work.
他干著干著活兒就睡著了。
past
past 已往(時間),跨越,晚于
past, after, to 這三個詞均可示意鐘點。示意在鐘之內(nèi)時可以用after或past,但前者一樣平常用于美式英語,爾后者在美式英語和英式英語中通用; 在示意跨越鐘時要用to,厥后接下一個鐘點。
It is past my power.
這是我力所不及的。
It was past midnight when we got home.
我們抵家時已過午夜.
regarding
regarding 關(guān)于,對于,就…而論
She said nothing regarding your request.
她對你的要求只字不提。
I wrote a letter regarding my daughter's school examinations.
我寫了一封關(guān)于我女兒學??荚嚨男?。
The map is in error regarding the junction.
這張輿圖在這個交點上是繪制錯了。
I care about nothing regarding my future career.
至于未來,我一點兒也不體貼。
round
round 在周圍,圍繞,在…四周
round, about, around 這三個詞均可示意"在…周圍"。about強調(diào)"在…四周""靠近""靠…的周圍"等意思,但紛歧定示意"把…團團圍住"; around 和round則強調(diào)"圍繞""圍繞"等意思,前者多用于美式英語中,爾后者多用于英式英語中。
about around round 這些詞均有"在周圍在四周"之意。
about:about既可表靜態(tài),也可表動態(tài)。
around:around主要用于美國,靜態(tài)或動態(tài)均可。
round:round主要用于英國,多數(shù)指動態(tài)。
The earth travels round the sun.地球圍繞太陽運轉(zhuǎn)。
He knotted the tie round his neck.他把領(lǐng)帶系在脖子上。
Our house is round the next band.前面一拐彎就是我們家了。
He walked round the corner into the next street.他走過拐角,到了另一條街上。
He showed me round the hospital.他領(lǐng)我到醫(yī)院的各處看了看。
since
since 自從,自…以來,從…至今
She's so easily fatigued since her illness.
自從病后,她很容易疲勞。
She hasn't been out riding since the accident.
她自從出了事故以后,一直沒有騎馬外出過。
since then自那以后
ever since從那時起
long since良久以前
through
through 穿過,通過,重新至尾
across through cross 都可示意"橫過"或"穿過"
across: across主要示意從某物的外面"橫過",涉及"面"的觀點。
我的家在海港的對岸,九龍公園四周。
My house is across the harbour,in the vicinity of the Kowloon Park.
他們住在中央廣場的劈面。
They live across the Central Plaza.
老鼠過街,人人喊打。
Everyone shouts "kill it" when a rat is seen to run across the street.
through: through則示意從某個空間"穿過",涉及"體"的觀點。
cross: across和cross在拼寫上僅差一字之微,故很易混淆。它們的區(qū)別在于詞性和使用場所有所差異。across是介詞;cross是動詞。
他已越過界線進入別國的領(lǐng)土。
He has crossed the border into another territory.
在密西西比河的下游許多拱形鐵橋橫跨河面。
Many steel arch bridges cross the Mississippi in its lower reaches.
他們已東渡去日本了。
They have crossed over to Japan.
throughout
throughout 普及,貫串,重新至尾
throughout, during, over這幾個介詞均可示意"在…時代,在…時期以內(nèi)"。during既可以示意句中動詞所示意動作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)的時間段,也可以示意動作發(fā)生在一段時間中的某時間點上,但它不強調(diào)動作何時發(fā)生或何時竣事; over則往往強調(diào)經(jīng)由一段時間后所發(fā)生的效果; throughout更注重時間希望的委屈。
throughout, through 這兩個詞詞義相近,??山粨Q。前者比后者更強調(diào)時間希望的委屈,語氣也比后者強。
The disease spread throughout the country.
這種疾病伸張?zhí)煜隆?/p>
She remained cheerful throughout the trip.
旅行中她始終興致勃勃。
It snowed throughout the night.
雪整整下了一夜。
till
till 直到…為止,直到…(才)
till用作介詞用于一定句時示意"直到…為止",指某一動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到till后面的詞語所示意的時間為止,這時主句的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞。
till用于否認句時示意"在…以前,直到…才",這時主句所示意的是一種延續(xù)的否認狀態(tài),否認狀態(tài)一竣事,一定動作或狀態(tài)就最先。
用于"It is not till...that"這一強調(diào)句中,意思是"直到…才"。
till也可示意"離某事尚有若干時間""(把日期等)推遲到…",可與from連用示意"從…延續(xù)到…"。
The meeting adjourned till five o'clock.
聚會延至五點召開。
Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.
今日事今日畢。
Not till then did I realize the danger of the situation.
直到誰人時刻我才感應形勢的危險。
to
to 向,往,給…,直到…為止
to, after, past 這三個詞均可示意鐘點。示意在鐘之內(nèi)時可以用after或past,但前者一樣平常用于美式英語,爾后者在美式英語和英式英語中通用; 在示意跨越鐘時要用to,厥后接下一個鐘點。
to, at 這兩者均可示意偏向, to一樣平常是善意的; at含有尋釁的意味,往往是惡意的。例如:The boy throws a bone to the dog.
那小孩扔了一塊骨頭給狗。(善意)
The boy throws a bone at the dog.
那小孩把一塊骨頭扔到狗身上。(惡意)
to, for 這兩個介詞均可與位移動詞連用,示意動作的運動偏向。
for往往與be bound, be booked, be destined, depart, embark, head, leave, make, set, set off, set out, start, steer等動詞連用; to往往與come, drive, fly, get, go, lead, march, move, return, ride, travel, walk等動詞連用。
for往往含有"向前方的目的運動"的意思; 而to則含有"向最終目的運動"的意思。試對照:
They sailed for Guangzhou.
他們開船駛向廣州。
They sailed to Guangzhou.
他們開船駛至廣州。
to, in, on 這三個詞均可示意方位。to示意在某局限之外,兩者之間可以相互毗鄰,也可以不毗鄰; on示意在某局限之外,兩者之間一樣平常相互毗鄰; in示意在某局限之內(nèi),是其中的一部門。
to, toward(s) 這兩個介詞均可示意"朝〔往〕…偏向"。toward(s)強調(diào)所移動的偏向,而不是目的地; to則還可強調(diào)所移動的目的地。
to, with 這兩個詞均可與示意"談話""外交"的詞連用。to示意外交的動作一樣平常是單向的; 而with示意外交的動作一樣平常是雙向的,在美式英語中有時也可示意單向動作。
toward
toward 向,對于,靠近,快要
He ran for dear life toward his house.
他拼命地向他的屋子跑去。
The bus follows the road toward Beijing.
那公共汽車是順著朝北京去的蹊徑行駛。
I have shown enough forbearance toward him.
我已經(jīng)對他很有耐心了。
The Policeman continues to shuffle toward her.
警員照樣逐步地移步靠近她。
Tom has an optimistic attitude toward the future.
關(guān)于未來,湯姆持有一個樂觀的態(tài)度。
But toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out.
但到快要期末時,你可能突然發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)沒有什么時間了。
under
under 在…正下方,低于
under示意靜止的空間位置時,意思是"在…的正下方""在…的下面"; 也可指在某物的腳邊或底下,即"在…底下""在…腳下"; 還可指在人身體某部位之下; 有時還可引申示意"在…遮蔽〔珍愛〕之下"。
under示意狀態(tài)作"被…遮掩""(在職位勢力等方面)低于或隸屬于""經(jīng)受著"解。
under示意方式指身份和行為的假托,作"依附"解; 示意環(huán)境作"在…情形下"解; 示意律例條例的依據(jù)作"憑證,根據(jù)"解。
under還可示意"騎馬,搭船"。還可示意類屬,作"屬于…""歸于…之下"解。
under還可以示意所處的狀態(tài)條件或在舉行的歷程中,意思是"在…(狀態(tài))中""在…(情形)下"。
under還可以示意數(shù)目,價錢,歲數(shù)等,意思是"不足…""不到…""…以下"。under也可示意時間,意思是"在…(較短的)時間內(nèi)"。
under還可用作副詞,意思是"在下; 在下文中; 低下, 少于, 不足"。例如:The ship went under. 船下沉了。See under for further information.詳情見下文。
until
until 到…為止,在…以前
The heat did not relax until midnight.
直到午夜,炎熱才緩解。
We did not notice this matter until yesterday.
直到昨天我們才注重到這件事。
She can't leave until Friday.
在星期五之前她不能脫離。
up
up 向上,在上,沿
up用作介詞的意思是"向…上,向〔在〕…的頂上"。還可示意"往…的上端,向…的較高處,順著…向上〔北〕; 往〔在〕…的上游〔起源地〕,在…"。up常指街道等長度遠遠跨越寬度。
There was a workman up the ladder.有一個工人在梯子上事情。
He's up the school.他在學校里。
They climbed up a hill.他們爬上了山。
She walked up the street.她沿街走去。
The ship is sailing up the Nile.這艘船順尼羅河向上游航行。
upon
upon 在…之上,在…后立刻
All our hopes rested upon this venture.
我們所有的希望都寄托在這次冒險上了。
The water splashed out of the tub upon the floor.
水從缸里飛濺出來,落在地板上。
Upon his release, Davis went immediately to his mother.
戴維斯一被釋放就立刻回到了母親自邊。
Christmas is almost upon us again.
圣誕節(jié)又快到了。
with
with 與…一起,和…,帶著,偕同
在with的前面加away,down等詞時,可作為不用動詞的下令名堂。
Away with him!=Take him away!
Down with imperialism!=Put down imperialism!
by同with的對照:兩者都可以示意某人怎么去做某事,只是使用的途徑紛歧樣。使用by時,多數(shù)是指通過某一種行為去獲得效果,而with則是通過使用某種工具或者物體去獲得效果。 一樣平常來說,without可以同時被用作是by和with的反義詞,去表達相反的意思。by還可以與交通工具連用,如by bus,by train。在被動句中,by常用于先容"發(fā)生行為的人或物"。
I killed the spider by hitting it.
I killed the spider with a shoe.
I was interviewed by three directors.
with后的賓語后所接的形容詞,已往分詞或名詞都可作口號。
He always sleeps with the windows open.
With both my friends gone home, I lived alone for some time.
He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.
within
within 在…之內(nèi)(時間),在…局限
within示意狀態(tài)時還可作"在…心里里"解; 示意環(huán)境時作"在(某組織整體等)的成員當中"解; 示意數(shù)目時作"不超出"解。
within還可用作副詞,意思是"在內(nèi), 在內(nèi)里, 在屋內(nèi);在心里"。例如:The house has been painted within and without.屋子內(nèi)外都油漆過了。
I'll be coming within an hour. 一小時之內(nèi)我就會到。
No fishing is allowed within a twenty mile limit.二十英里局限內(nèi)禁絕垂釣。
This is a task well within your ability. 這完全是你力所能及的事情。
Several cars are available within this price range.
在這個價錢局限內(nèi),有好幾種汽車可供選購。
Within these old walls there was once a town.
在這些舊城墻內(nèi)里曾經(jīng)有一座都會。
The noise seems to be coming from within the building.
喧華聲像是從樓房里傳出來的。
without
without 在…外面,沒有,若是沒有
without作"無,沒有"解時厥后可接動名詞(短語),示意"沒有做某事",動名詞短語中動名詞??墒÷?。
在口語中, without后的賓語如可在上下文中找到或籠統(tǒng)地指一種狀態(tài)而不是指任何詳細事物,則該賓語可省略。
not without是雙重否認,現(xiàn)實仍是一定,語氣較委婉。no〔not, never〕...without結(jié)構(gòu)也是雙重否認,用以增強語氣。
without還可用作副詞,意思是"在外面, 在屋外;沒有, 在沒有…的情形下, 若是沒有"。例如:The watermelon is green without and red within.西瓜皮綠瓤紅。Never mind, we can manage without.沒關(guān)系, 沒有也能對于。
Without the sun, nothing would grow.
沒有太陽,就不會有生物。
It is hard to sleep without a cooler in this room.
沒有空氣調(diào)治器,在這間屋里很難入睡。
I just want an ordinary car without the frills.
我只要一輛沒有多余裝飾的通俗汽車。
The rumor was without foundation. 那條謠言毫無憑證。
He lives in a cottage three miles without the town.。
他住在城外三英里一所村舍里
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成都高中文化課指點機構(gòu)電話:,強化孩子的理解 老師會通過孩子們的學習情況.然后在繼續(xù)下一節(jié)的內(nèi)容還有的孩子理解能力不是很好,也就跟不上老師上課的進度.學習的內(nèi)容不容易消化.還有的孩子覺得這些我還沒有理解,老師已經(jīng)開始進行下一節(jié)了,但補課的老師也會按照孩子的學習情況給孩子進行講解.